Abstract:
Approximately 7% of Delaware County residents have elevated blood lead levels (BLL),
which is double the national average. Lead (Pb) exposure causes neuropathic effects due to its
ability to replace calcium in bodily processes. Spatial analysis of BLL required utilizing blood Pb
data provided by the Regenstrief Institute. Through ArcGIS Pro, spatial patterns were analyzed in
Pb levels across multiple metrics. Biased sampling of soils based on legacy manufacturing and
the known blood Pb data was performed to assess the presence of bio-accessible Pb in soils. Isoconcentration
lines were developed based on the soil results and compared to the blood Pb data
using SPSS statistics to determine any links between soil Pb and blood Pb. Results show a pattern
of soil Pb contamination surrounding the historic Delco Remy battery manufacturing plant.
Statistical analysis explains approximately 6.5% of factors, including but not limited to soil
contact, contributing to the blood Pb issue facing Muncie citizens. This level reflects the various
lead exposure pathways including water, soil, dust, vapors, familial employment in lead based
businesses, or foreign imports manufactured under less stringent lead laws than those in the
United States. Continued research, along with community action, is necessary to solve the
continuing blood Pb problem facing Muncie.
