Rhetorical structure of introduction chapters by English L1 and L2 writers

Abstract

The Introduction chapter is one of the most important sections of research papers. In this section, the writer gives an overview of the relevant aspects discussed throughout the next paragraphs along with an outline of the paper’s structure. Thus, the right choice of rhetorical moves in the Introduction chapter may determine the effectiveness in the delivery of ideas. The lack of awareness to choose the correct moves in this crucial section may be one of the difficulties faced by English learners compared to English native speakers. This study examines how English L1 and L2 writers differ in their choice of rhetorical moves and step categories in 10 Introduction chapters. The analysis was conducted by using the adapted CARS model by Swales (1990) to review Introduction chapters in academic papers. The frequency of occurrence of moves, and the step categories were identified. The findings indicate that there are differences in the types of moves employed by the two groups. As for move Move 2, in the NS group it was a Conventional move. However, in the NNS group this move was Optional. Regarding Move 3, the NS it was a Conventional move, while it was Obligatory in the NNS group. In relation to the step categories, two types were identified, Optional and Conventional. The results show that Optional was the most recurrent category. These outcomes demonstrate that there are differences in the application of moves and the frequency of step categories by English L1 and L2 writers. These findings may have significant implications for academic writing instructors and their students, who can easily identify the most appropriate rhetorical structures and incorporate that knowledge into their own writing.