Trends of change in tree species compositional structure and measuring of coarse woody debris in Donaldson's woods, an old growth forest in Southern Indiana
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Abstract
Old growth forests, characterized by their large trees and complex structure, are particularly valuable for their ecological, social, and economic benefits. These mature forests grant us insight into tree species composition and community structures of the past (Butler, et al. 2018). The study site is within Donaldson’s Woods Nature Preserve; located in Spring Mill State Park, near Mitchell, Indiana. Our site was an old-growth forest permanent 1300x700m plot. The corners of the plot are marked with metal fence posts 76.2 cm tall. A grid was established on the plot with 12 transect lines, running west to east, and 7 lines running north to south resulting in 84-30x30m subplots and 12 transect corridors. A systematic sampling method was used for the collection of coarse woody debris (CWD) volume data. Ten total subplots, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, starting at the southwest most subplot. Subplots were all sampled for all CWD of at least 10cm in diameter. Each log was classified into one of five decay classes based on state of decay (adapted from Spetich et al. 1999, Idol et al. 2001). Diameter breast height (Dbh) and azimuth of any standing dead trees was also calculated for each plot. Species composition was dominated by Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple), Fagus grandifolia (American Beech), and Quercus alba (White Oak). Trees of the lower size-classes had the greatest number of stems across all sampled species. Species density was greatest in the species A. saccharum, F. grandifolia, and Q. alba. Acer saccharum had the highest value at 90.14 density/ha.