Using minority stress and the theory of planned behavior to predict the intentions to seek psychological help among sexual minority individuals
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Abstract
An extant body of literature suggests sexual minority individuals are at a greater risk for mental health problems compared to heterosexual individuals. This health disparity has been attributed to unique, chronic, and excessive social stressors, or “minority stress,” which has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes for this population. While previous studies imply sexual minorities utilize mental health services at a greater rate than heterosexual individuals, little research has focused on factors influencing sexual minorities’ intentions to seek psychological help. Furthermore, no study to date has explored the extent to which minority stress impacts these individuals’ help-seeking intentions. Using Meyer’s (1995, 2003) minority stress theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, the present study examined the relationship among minority stress, prior counseling experience, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in predicting intentions to seek psychological help among sexual minorities. Latent variable structural equation modeling was used to test and compare two hypothesized models. In both the unmediated and mediated models, having prior counseling experience, more positive attitudes toward, less perceived social pressure to engage in, and greater perceived control over seeking help directly predicted greater intentions to seek psychological help for sexual minorities. Model comparison analyses suggested both models fit the data equally well. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed