Re-evaluation of the water quality conditions at Prairie Creek Reservoir in Eastern Indiana
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Abstract
Prairie Creek Reservoir serves as both a secondary drinking water source for the city of Muncie, Indiana, and as a public park featuring outdoor recreational activities such as boating and fishing. The reservoir is located in a watershed that is subject to nutrient runoff from local agriculture. Multiple water quality studies over the past two decades have identified Prairie Creek Reservoir as a eutrophic water body. Conservation plans have been implemented in the region since 2007 to address this issue. These plans aim to improve the water quality of the reservoir by protecting the water source from excessive nutrient input. During the summer of 2019, the water quality of Prairie Creek Reservoir was studied to assess the effectiveness of soil and water conservation programs in the area and as a follow up to earlier investigations. Biweekly water sampling from epilimnion and hypolimnion depths at both the north and center of the reservoir occurred from May through September following established protocols. Water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were determined on-site at the reservoir. Concentrations of nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus were determined through laboratory analysis. Findings from this study displayed variations between different sampling locations and depths and showed different patterns in comparison to previous studies. Average epilimnion temperature from May – September decreased in 2019 from the same sampling period in 2007. Average dissolved oxygen decreased in the epilimnion from 2007 to 2019 but increased in the hypolimnion during the same period, despite the persistence of anoxic conditions in deeper layers from June through September. Total ammonia-N decreased in 2019 from 2007. Total nitrogen, nitrate-N, and total phosphorus increased in 2019 from 2007. Soluble reactive phosphorus was similar for both years. Results from 2019 also differed from 2005 and 2006 studies of the reservoir which sampled different locations over longer time periods. Average temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity were higher at the center than at the northern end of the reservoir in 2019. Average specific conductivity and all nutrients except total phosphorus were higher at the northern end than at the center of the reservoir in 2019. Eutrophic and hypereutrophic conditions occurred throughout most of the 2019 study period despite the implementation of numerous conservation projects within the Prairie Creek Subwatershed since 2019. The unusually high average concentrations for some nutrients during this study can be partially attributed to anomalously high nutrient levels and other specific water quality conditions such as internal nutrient loading on certain days.