Gamification in fitness apps: analyzing user motivation through the Octalysis Framework

This paper examines gamification in popular fitness apps through the lens of the Octalysis Framework to evaluate its potential for fostering long-term behavioral change, guided by Self-Determination Theory. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze 17 top fitness apps, categorizing their game elements within the Octalysis Framework and assessing whether these elements engaged intrinsic or extrinsic motivators. The findings reveal distinct motivational patterns across app categories: Lifestyle and Self-Help apps exhibit a balance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, which may limit their effectiveness in sustaining long-term behavioral change. In contrast, Workout and Food apps emphasize intrinsically motivating game elements, suggesting a greater capacity to support enduring user engagement and long-form habit formation.