This study examines fictional works from the Middle East that delve into Amitav Ghosh’s notion of the “Oil Encounter,” including novels by Ahmad Mahmoud, Leila Al-Atrash, Nawal El-Saadawi, and Jean-Jacques Annaud’s film Day of the Falcon. By analyzing texts across different historical periods and national traditions, the dissertation uncovers diverse attitudes and perspectives on the oil encounter, filling a critical gap in the scholarship. The study therefore argues that the experience of the oil encounter is not a monolith, but dynamic and complex encounters and experiences influenced by historical events and socio-political norms. Furthermore, a central concern in this dissertation is the ways in which the oil industry is associated with several myths that serve its interests and influence public perception. In different ways, the texts engage with these dominant myths about the oil industry by showing how the poor, women and the environment are on the receiving end of the oil industry’s impacts. By drawing from ecocritical studies, feminist and eco-feminist studies, and postcolonial studies, this dissertation highlights the ways in which the authors under study imaginatively subvert Euro- Americans myths regarding the oil industry and foreground counter-stories of the marginalized and oppressed. In other words, whether the oil encounter is linked to notions of liberation, 6 abundance, instant modernization, development, progress, modernity, and economic prosperity or not is irrelevant. Rather, what is relevant and undeniable is that the oil encounter in the Middle East is a violent encounter.