The female athlete triad: an investigation into the component of menstrual dysfunction
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Abstract
The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is an interrelated, multicomponential medical condition that is often diagnosed in female sport and athletics. It is most commonly associated with endurance and aesthetic sports, and is characterized by three distinct health components: Low Energy Availability (LEA), low Bone Mineral Density (BMD), and Menstrual Dysfunction. The Triad exists along a continuum, worsening when adequate treatment fails to be delivered. If this were to occur, the Triad will evolve and present as more severe, clinical manifestations; this may include conditions such as: Eating Disorder (ED), premature osteoporosis, and amenorrhea. However, the Triad is not simply a medical issue. Rather, investigation into the Triad reveals issues which emanate from the current culture of female sport and athletics. Yet, the inherent robustness of the Triad makes it difficult for researchers to identify, study, and document every intricacy within the greater body of literature. As such, the proceeding Honors Thesis attempts to aid investigative efforts into the Triad. First, an overview of the condition will be presented, followed by discussion of each component and its respective complications. With a base of knowledge established, the Thesis will conclude by identifying, and elaborating upon, two lesser acknowledged topics, which are related to the Triad component of Menstrual Dysfunction: 1) Preparticipation examinations in female sport and athletics and 2) The perception of menstruation within female sport and athletics . By drawing attention to the aforementioned topics, literature pertaining to the component of Menstrual Dysfunction will become more comprehensive and thus, further diversify knowledge of the Triad. With a more complete understanding of the condition, the Triad can be better studied, and acted upon, to ultimately achieve the goal of safeguarding the health and well-being of the female athlete population.