Perspectives of SROs in Indiana on school safety and arming school personnel: a qualitative study

School safety has become a critical issue in the United States, exacerbated by a growing number of school shootings over the past two decades. Recent data indicates a significant rise in school-related gun incidents, prompting debates over the most effective strategies to protect students and staff. This qualitative study explores the perceptions of School Resource Officers (SROs) in Indiana regarding the controversial topic of arming school personnel. While some states have adopted measures to arm teachers, the efficacy and broader implications of such policies remain unclear. The study investigates SROs' views on school safety, their attitudes toward arming educators, and how these perspectives may vary across different school contexts (urban, rural, and suburban). The research draws on Weick’s (1988) theory of enacted sensemaking, which provides a framework for understanding how individuals and organizations interpret and respond to crises, such as school shootings. SROs, as trained law enforcement professionals working in school environments, offer unique insights into both the potential benefits and challenges of arming school personnel. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive safety planning that integrates various stakeholders, including law enforcement, school administrators, and mental health professionals, to ensure a secure and supportive learning environment. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for preventative measures, such as mental health support and environmental design, as critical components of a holistic approach to school safety. This research aims to contribute to ongoing discussions about school safety policy by providing insights from those directly involved in the day-to-day safety operations of schools. Findings from this study may inform policymakers, educators, and community stakeholders as they consider the potential impact of arming school personnel as part of broader school safety initiatives.